A Study of the Book of Acts

Part 1: The Jerusalem Church (Acts 1-7)

Lesson Five: Peter's Sermon

Acts 2:22-47

Key Verse

"Therefore let all the house of Israel know assuredly, that God hath made that same Jesus, whom ye have crucified, both Lord and Christ."
— Acts 2:36 Textual Questions Read Acts 2:22-47

Lesson Questions

Read Acts 2:22-47 carefully before answering these questions.

1. List the things the Jews knew and the things they did not know. 2:22-24
2. What would happen to the soul and flesh of the one David spoke of? 2:25-28
3. How did Peter show that David was not speaking of himself? 2:29
4. Of what did Peter say David prophesied? 2:30-31
5. David was used as the first witness to the resurrection of Jesus (2:25-31). Who are the next witnesses? 2:32
6. Where was Jesus? What had He received? What had he done? 2:33
7. What had David not done? What had David said? 2:34-35
8. What was the house of Israel to know assuredly (believe confidently)? 2:36
9. How did they react? What were they told? 2:37-40
10. List the things that resulted from this sermon? 2:41-42
11. What were the people doing? 2:43-47. What was the Lord doing? 2:47

Thought Questions

A. ​ In this first gospel sermon, what did Peter set out to prove? How did he prove it?
B. ​ "Therefore" in 2:30,33,36 introduces conclusions, what conclusions did Peter reach?
C. ​ In Acts 2, there is evidence on earth that Jesus was in heaven, what was that evidence?
D. ​ When the Jews ask the question in 2:37, what did they want to know?
E. ​ How did the inspired apostle Peter answer their question?
F. ​ List things recorded in Acts 2 which happened for the first time.

Supplementary Materials

The Structure of Peter's Sermon Peter's sermon in Acts 2 is the first gospel sermon ever preached. It provides a model for gospel preaching:

Verses Section Content
2:14-21 Introduction Explained the miraculous events as fulfillment of Joel's prophecy
2:22-24 The Facts Jesus' miracles, death, and resurrection — things they knew
2:25-31 Proof #1 David prophesied the resurrection (Psalm 16:8-11)
2:32 Proof #2 Apostles were eyewitnesses of the resurrection
2:33-35 Proof #3 The outpouring of the Spirit proved Jesus was in heaven; David prophesied Christ's exaltation (Psalm 110:1)
2:36 Conclusion "God hath made that same Jesus... both Lord and Christ"
2:37 Response "Men and brethren, what shall we do?"
2:38-40 The Answer "Repent, and be baptized... for the remission of sins"

The Three "Therefores" of Acts 2 The word "therefore" introduces a conclusion based on preceding evidence. Peter uses this word three times to build his case:

Verse Evidence Given Conclusion Reached
2:30 David was a prophet; God swore David foresaw and spoke of
to raise up Christ to sit on his Christ's resurrection throne
2:33 Jesus was exalted to God's right Jesus poured out what they saw
hand; received the promise of the and heard (the Spirit) Holy Spirit
2:36 All the preceding evidence Jesus is both Lord and
from prophecy and Christ! eyewitness

The Response Required: Acts 2:38

When convicted of their sin, the people asked, "What shall we do?" (2:37). Peter's inspired answer in verse 38 is foundational:

  • "Repent" — A change of mind leading to a change of life; turning from sin to God
  • "Be baptized every one of you" — Immersion in water; an individual response required of each person
  • "In the name of Jesus Christ" — By His authority; in obedience to His command
  • "For the remission of sins" — The purpose: forgiveness of sins (Greek: eis = "unto" or "for the purpose of")
  • "Receive the gift of the Holy Spirit" — The promise given to the obedient

Note: They had already heard the gospel (2:14-36) and believed it (2:37 — "pricked in their heart"). Peter now commands repentance and baptism. About 3,000 obeyed that day (2:41).

The Early Church: Acts 2:42-47

The closing verses of Acts 2 provide a beautiful picture of the first Christians: Practice Description Apostles' doctrine Teaching and instruction from the apostles (2:42) Fellowship Sharing together; partnership in the work (2:42, 44-45) Breaking of bread The Lord's Supper (2:42); also eating together (2:46) Prayers Corporate prayer; communication with God (2:42) Unity "All that believed were together" — one in heart and purpose (2:44) Generosity Selling possessions to help those in need (2:44-45) Temple attendance "Daily with one accord in the temple" (2:46) Joy and simplicity "Gladness and singleness of heart" (2:46) Praising God Worship and gratitude expressed to God (2:47) Favor with people Their lives attracted others to the faith (2:47) Growth "The Lord added to the church daily such as should be saved" (2:47)

Key Cross-References

Reference Acts Verse Connection
Psalm 16:8-11 Acts 2:25-28 David's prophecy of the resurrection
2 Sam. 7:12-13 Acts 2:30 God's oath to David about his descendant
Psalm 110:1 Acts 2:34-35 "Sit thou at my right hand"
Mark 16:16 Acts 2:38 Belief and baptism for salvation
1 Cor. 12:13 Acts 2:41, 47 Baptized into one body (the church)

"Firsts" in Acts 2 Acts 2 records many things happening for the first time:

  • First time the Holy Spirit was poured out as promised
  • First gospel sermon preached
  • First time people asked what to do to be saved under the new covenant
  • First time people were baptized "in the name of Jesus Christ"
  • First time people were "added" to the church
  • First time the church is seen functioning as a body
  • First time "the Lord added to the church"

This is the birthday of the church! Everything before Acts 2 points forward to this day; everything after Acts 2 looks back to it.